Authorization in computing is a security mechanism used to determine user/client privileges or access levels related to system resources including files, services, computer programs, and data. Coursera's Authorization skill catalogue teaches you about concepts such as access control, permissions, tokens, and role-based access control systems. You'll learn how to implement authorization mechanisms in various environments, manage user permissions, design secure systems, and understand common vulnerabilities and countermeasures. This skill will equip you to protect systems and data, ensuring only approved users have access to sensitive information, a crucial aspect in today's data-driven world.